Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Note 2. Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

In management’s opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position as of June 30, 2017, and results of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for all periods presented. The interim results presented are not necessarily indicative of results that can be expected for a full year.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments and other short-term investments with maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash in three accounts with one financial institution, which at times may exceed federally insured limits.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of specific customer accounts: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends, and changes in customer payment terms. Past due balances over 90 days and other higher risk amounts are reviewed individually for collectability. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to a valuation allowance. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the allowance for doubtful accounts was zero.

 

Inventory

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or market (net realizable value).

 

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition, is reflected in earnings. For consolidated financial statement purposes, property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of 2 to 5 years.

 

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance which do not materially extend the useful lives of property and equipment are charged to operations. Management periodically reviews the carrying value of its property and equipment for impairment.

 

Recoverability of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets

 

The Company has adopted ASC 360-10, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360-10”). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles held and used by the Company be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

 

Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of the long-lived and or intangible assets would be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows. During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, as a result of recurring losses and an accumulated deficit, the Company identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets requires significant judgments and estimates by management. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets and intangible assets exceeded their carrying value and as such, no impairment charges were recognized for the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

    

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), which requires equity-based compensation, be reflected in the consolidated financial statements over the period of service which is typically the vesting period based on the estimated fair value of the awards.

 

Derivative Liabilities

 

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risks; however, the Company has certain financial instruments that are embedded derivatives associated with capital raises and common stock purchase warrants. The Company evaluates all its financial instruments to determine if those contracts or any potential embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC 815-10. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of any embedded derivatives be recorded at fair value at issuance and marked-to-market at each balance sheet date. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, as is the case with the Company, the change in the fair value during the period is recorded as either income or expense. Upon conversion or exercise, the derivative liability is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then the related fair value is reclassified to equity.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

     

The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the inputs used to determine fair value, which are as follows:

 

  · Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
     
  · Level 2 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
     
  · Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

  

The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. In instances where the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the fair value measurement has been determined based on the lowest level input significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular item to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, including the consideration of inputs specific to the asset or liability.

 

Cash and cash equivalents were the only asset measured at fair value on a recurring basis by the Company at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and is considered to be Level 1. Warrant liability is considered to be Level 3, and is the only liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

 

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue, customer credits and short-term debt. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximated fair value at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 due to their short-term maturities. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes payable at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 approximated the carrying amount as the notes were issued during the three years ended December 31, 2016 at interest rates prevailing in the market and interest rates have not significantly changed as of June 30, 2017. The fair value of the convertible promissory notes payable was determined on a Level 2 measurement.

 

The Company has entered into certain financial instruments and contracts; such as, equity financing arrangements for the issuance of common stock, which include anti-dilution arrangements and detachable stock warrants that are i) not afforded equity classification, ii) embody risks not clearly and closely related to host contracts, or iii) may be net-cash settled by the counterparty. These instruments are recorded as derivative liabilities, at fair value at the issuance date. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded through the consolidated statements of operations.

 

The Company’s derivative liabilities are related to detachable common stock purchase warrants (“warrants”) issued in conjunction with debt and warrants issued to the placement agents for financial instrument issuances. We estimate fair values of the warrants that do contain “Down Round Protections” utilizing valuation models and techniques that have been developed and are widely accepted that take into account the additional value inherent in “Down Round Protection.” These widely accepted techniques include “Modified Binomial”, “Monte Carlo Simulation” and the “Lattice Model.” The “core” assumptions and inputs to the “Modified Binomial” model are the same as for “Black-Scholes”, such as trading volatility, remaining term to maturity, market price, strike price, and risk free rates; all Level 2 inputs. Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation. A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable. However, a key input to a “Modified Binomial” model (in our case, the “Monte Carlo Simulation”, for which we engaged an independent valuation firm to perform) is the probability of a future capital raise. By definition, this input assumption does not meet the requirements for Level 1 or Level 2 outlined above; therefore, the entire fair value calculation is deemed to be Level 3 under accounting requirements due to this single Level 3 assumption. This input to the Monte Carlo Simulation model was developed with significant input from management based on its knowledge of the business, current financial position and the strategic business plan with its best efforts.

 

As discussed above, financial liabilities are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined using pricing models or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. For the Company, the Level 3 financial liability is the derivative liability related to the warrants that include “Down Round Protection” and they were valued using the “Monte Carlo Simulation” technique. This technique, while the majority of inputs are Level 2, necessarily incorporates various assumptions associated with a Capital Raise which are unobservable and, therefore, a Level 3 input.

 

The table below provides a summary of the changes in fair value of the warrant liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

Balance at January 1, 2017   $ 1,313,000  
Exercise of warrants     (230,977 )
Change in value of warrant liability     (863,023 )
Balance at June 30, 2017   $ 219,000  

 

Revenue Recognition

 

The Company records revenue from sales in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). The criteria for recognition are as follows:

 

1. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

 

2. Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered;

 

3. The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and

 

4. Collectability is reasonably assured.

 

Determination of criteria (3) and (4) is based on management's judgments regarding the fixed nature of the selling prices of the products delivered and the collectability of those amounts. Provisions for discounts and rebates to customers, estimated returns and allowances, and other adjustments is provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded.

 

The Company recorded no additions to customer acquisition costs through June 30, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016. The capitalized balance of customer acquisition costs, net of accumulated amortization was $421,389 and $642,203 on June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30 2016 was $220,816 and 201,758, respectively. Amortization expense for the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $99,970 and $120,845, respectively.

 

The Company recognizes revenue for product when it is delivered to the customer location.

 

The Company generated revenues of $13,358,562 and $12,765,520 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $7,931,168 and $9,392,209 for the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company generated revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 by delivering product and equipment to its commercial customers and completing demonstrations of its technologies at potential customer sites.

 

Income Taxes

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are individually classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

 

The recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in an enterprise’s consolidated financial statements are based on a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. The Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. When necessary, the Company would accrue penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

 

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated income tax return in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and three state jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations for years prior to 2013 or state tax examinations for years prior to 2012.

 

Basic and Diluted Income (Loss) per Common Share

 

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution from common stock equivalents, such as stock issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options and warrants. There were no dilutive potential common shares as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, because the Company incurred net losses and basic and diluted losses per common share are the same. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, basic and diluted earnings per share approximated each other. Dilutive potential common shares as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately 7.7 million shares and 57.6 million shares, respectively. Anti-dilutive potential common shares as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 were approximately 11.9 million shares and 3.5 million shares, respectively.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and equivalents on deposit with financial institutions and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is on deposit in a non-interest-bearing transaction account that is subject to FDIC deposit insurance limits. For the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, 100% of the Company’s revenue related to seven customers. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, 100% of the Company’s revenue related to eight customers. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 100% of the Company’s accounts receivable related to seven and six customers, respectively.

 

Contingencies

 

Certain conditions may exist which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company, or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

 

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

 

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they arise from guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

In May, 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Summary - The FASB has made available Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606. ASU 2014-09 affects any entity using U.S. GAAP that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (e.g., insurance contracts or lease contracts). This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. This ASU also supersedes some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts. In addition, the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of nonfinancial assets that are not in a contract with a customer (e.g., assets within the scope of Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, and intangible assets within the scope of Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other) are amended to be consistent with the guidance on recognition and measurement (including the constraint on revenue) in this ASU. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, an entity should apply the following steps:

 

Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 3: Determine the transaction price.

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

 

For a public entity, the amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and required disclosures.

 

In February, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-11, Leases (Topic 842). Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and right-of-use asset at the commencement date for all leases, with the exception of short term leases. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the impact this standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and required disclosures.

 

In March, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This amendment is intended to improve and simplify the accounting for employee share-based payments including areas such as (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows.. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has adopted this standard in 2017 and the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements was not material.